Pharming is a type of cyber attack that manipulates or redirects the Domain Name System (DNS) to fraudulent websites without the user’s knowledge or consent. In a pharming attack, the attacker compromises the DNS server or the user’s computer to misdirect legitimate web traffic to malicious sites, often for the purpose of stealing sensitive information or spreading malware.
Pharming attacks are typically more insidious than phishing attacks, as they do not rely on deceptive emails or links. Instead, they exploit vulnerabilities in the DNS infrastructure to reroute users to counterfeit websites that appear identical to legitimate ones. Users, believing they are accessing a trusted website, may unwittingly enter personal or financial information, which is then harvested by the attacker.
Phases: Pharming attacks can occur in two phases. In the first phase, the attacker compromises the DNS server or manipulates the user’s computer settings to redirect web traffic. In the second phase, the victim’s web requests are routed to fraudulent websites, often employing tactics like domain spoofing or man-in-the-middle attacks to make the fake sites look convincing.
Protection: Protecting against pharming attacks involves using secure and trusted DNS servers, regularly updating DNS and router settings, and employing DNS security protocols, such as DNSSEC (Domain Name System Security Extensions). Additionally, users should be cautious about entering sensitive information on websites and verify the authenticity of websites by checking for HTTPS and other security indicators.
Pharming underscores the importance of maintaining the integrity and security of the DNS system, as well as practicing online vigilance to avoid falling victim to fraudulent websites and scams.